Ko te pokepokea ai te taputapu tukatuka taketake o te umanga motuka. Neke atu i te 90% o ngā wāhanga me ngā wāhanga o te hanga motuka me hanga mā te pokepokea ai. E ai ki a Luo Baihui, he tohunga pokepokea ai, e 1,500 pea ngā pokepokea ai e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i tētahi motuka noa, ā, neke atu i te 1,000 ngā pokepokea ai e whakamahia ana. I roto i te whakawhanaketanga o ngā tauira hou, e 90% o te mahi e mahia ana i te taha o te huringa o te āhua o te tinana. Tata ki te 60% o te utu whakawhanaketanga o ngā tauira hou e whakamahia ana mō te whakawhanaketanga o ngā tukanga me ngā taputapu o te tinana me te tā. Tata ki te 40% o te utu hanga waka ko te utu o ngā wāhanga tā tinana me te huihuinga.
I roto i te whanaketanga o te umanga pokepokea motuka i te kāinga me tāwāhi, kua whakaatuhia e te hangarau pokepokea ngā au whanaketanga e whai ake nei.
1. He nui ake te kitea o te whakatauira o te tukanga tā (CAE)
I ngā tau tata nei, me te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā pūmanawa rorohiko me ngā taputapu, kei te piki haere te hiranga o te hangarau whakaata (CAE) o te tukanga hanga tā. I ngā whenua whakawhanake pērā i te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani, me Tiamana, kua noho te hangarau CAE hei wāhanga nui o te tukanga hoahoa me te hanga pokepokea ai. He whānuitia te whakamahinga hei matapae i ngā hapa hanga, hei arotau i te tukanga tā me te hanganga pokepokea ai, hei whakapai ake i te pono o te hoahoa pokepokea ai, hei whakaiti i te wā whakamātautau pokepokea ai. He maha ngā kamupene pokepokea ai motuka ā-rohe kua tino ahu whakamua i roto i te tono CAE, ā, kua tutuki ngā hua pai. Mā te tono hangarau CAE ka taea te penapena nui i te utu o ngā pokepokea ai whakamātautau me te whakapoto i te huringa whanaketanga o ngā pokepokea ai, kua noho hei huarahi nui hei whakarite i te kounga o te pokepokea ai. Kei te huri haere te hangarau CAE i te hoahoa pokepokea ai mai i te hoahoa wheako ki te hoahoa pūtaiao.
2. Kua whakapūmautia te tūranga o te hoahoa 3D pokepokea ai
He wāhanga nui o te hangarau pokepokea matihiko te hoahoa toru-ahu o te pokepokea, ā, koinei te pūtake mō te whakaurunga o te hoahoa pokepokea, te hanga me te tirotiro. Kua whakatinanahia e ngā kamupene pēnei i a Toyota me General Motors o te Hononga o Amerika te hoahoa toru-ahu o ngā pokepokea, ā, kua tutuki ngā hua tono pai. He pai ki a tātou te whakamahi i ētahi tikanga kua whakamahia i roto i te hoahoa pokepokea 3D ki tāwāhi. Haunga te whai hua ki te whakatinanatanga o te hanga whakauru, he painga anō tō te hoahoa toru-ahu o te pokepokea, arā, he watea mō te tirotiro pokanoa, ā, ka taea te mahi tātari pokanoa nekehanga, e whakaoti ana i te raruraru i roto i te hoahoa rua-ahu.
Tuatoru, kua riro te hangarau pokepokea mamati hei huarahi matua
I ngā tau tata nei, ko te tere o te whanaketanga o te hangarau pokepokea matihiko he huarahi whai hua ki te whakaoti rapanga maha e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o ngā pokepokea motuka. Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te hangarau pokepokea matihiko ko te whakamahinga o te hangarau rorohiko, te hangarau āwhina-rorohiko rānei (CAX) i roto i te hoahoa pokepokea me te tukanga hanga. Hei whakarāpopoto i ngā wheako angitu o ngā kamupene pokepokea motuka o roto me tāwāhi ki te whakamahi i te hangarau āwhina-rorohiko, ko te hangarau pokepokea motuka matihiko te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: ① Te hoahoa mō te hangahanga (DFM), arā, ka whakaarohia, ka tātarihia hoki te hangahanga i te wā hoahoa hei whakarite i te angitu o te tukanga. ②Te hangarau āwhina mō te hoahoa kōtaha pokepokea, te whakawhanake i te hangarau hoahoa kōtaha atamai. ③Ka āwhina a CAE i te tātari me te tukanga hanga tā, te matapae me te whakaoti rapanga hapa me te hangahanga pea. ④ Whakakapia te hoahoa rua-ahu tuku iho ki te hoahoa hanganga pokepokea toru-ahu. ⑤Ka whakamahia e te tukanga hanga pokepokea te hangarau CAPP, CAM me te CAT. ⑥ I raro i te arataki a te hangarau matihiko, ka whakatau me te whakaoti rapanga e puta ake ana i roto i te tukanga whakamātautau pokepokea me te hanga tā.
Tuawhā, te tere o te whanaketanga o te aunoatanga tukatuka pokepokea ai
He tūāpapa nui ngā hangarau tukatuka matatau me ngā taputapu hei whakapai ake i te hua me te whakarite i te kounga o te hua. Ehara i te mea onge mō ngā kamupene pokepokea motuka matatau te whai taputapu mīhini CNC me ngā tēpu mahi takirua, ngā taputapu whakawhiti aunoa (ATC), ngā pūnaha whakahaere hikohiko mō te tukatuka aunoa, me ngā pūnaha ine rauemi mahi ipurangi. Kua whanake te tukatuka whakahaere tau mai i te tukatuka kōtaha ngāwari ki te tukatuka whānui o ngā mata kōtaha me ngā mata hanganga, mai i te tukatuka tere-waenga me te tere-iti ki te tukatuka tere-tiketike, ā, he tino tere te whanaketanga o te hangarau aunoatanga tukatuka.
5. Ko te hangarau tā pereti maitai kaha-teitei te huarahi whanaketanga ā muri ake nei
He tino pai ngā āhuatanga o te maitai kaha-teitei e pā ana ki te ōwehenga hua, ngā āhuatanga whakapakeketanga taumahatanga, te kaha tohatoha taumahatanga, me te mimiti kaha tukinga, ā, kei te piki haere tonu te nui o te whakamahinga i roto i ngā motuka. I tēnei wā, ko ngā maitai kaha-teitei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tānga motuka ko te maitai whakapakeketanga peita (maitai BH), te maitai takirua-wāhanga (maitai DP), me te maitai kirihou i puta mai i te huringa wāhanga (maitai TRIP). E matapaetia ana e te Kaupapa Tinana Māmā Rawa o te Ao (ULSAB) ko te 97% o te waka ariā matatau (ULSAB—AVC) i whakarewaina i te tau 2010 he maitai kaha-teitei. Ko te ōwehenga o te maitai kaha-teitei matatau i roto i te rauemi waka ka neke atu i te 60%, ā, ko te ōwehenga o te maitai takirua-wāhanga ka eke ki te 74% o ngā pereti maitai motuka. Ko te raupapa maitai ngohengohe e whakamahia ana i roto i te maitai IF ko ngā raupapa pereti maitai kaha-teitei, ā, ko te maitai iti-koranu kaha-teitei ko ngā maitai takirua-wāhanga me ngā pereti maitai tino-kaha. I tēnei wā, ko te whakamahinga o ngā pereti maitai kaha-teitei mō ngā wāhanga waka o te whare he mea here noa ki ngā wāhanga hanganga me ngā kurupae, ā, ko te kaha kume o ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana kei raro iho i te 500MPa. Nō reira, ko te tere o te mōhio ki te hangarau tā o ngā pereti maitai kaha-teitei he raruraru nui me whakatau wawe i roto i te umanga pokepokea waka o tōku whenua.
6. Ka whakarewahia ngā hua pokepokea hou i roto i te wā tika
I te whanaketanga o te tino whai hua me te aunoatanga o te hanga tānga waka, ka whānui ake te whakamahinga o ngā mate ahu whakamua i roto i te hanga o ngā wāhanga tānga waka. Ko ngā wāhanga tānga āhua uaua, inā koa ko ētahi wāhanga tānga uaua iti me te rahi-waenga e hiahia ana ki ngā huinga maha o ngā mate wero e ai ki te tukanga tuku iho, kei te piki haere te hanga e ngā mate ahu whakamua. Ko te mate ahu whakamua he momo hua pokepokea hangarau-teitei, he uaua ki te hangarau, e hiahia ana ki te tino tika o te hanga, ā, he roa te huringa whakaputa. Ko te mate ahu whakamua maha-teihana tetahi o ngā hua pokepokea tino nui i tōku whenua.
Whitu, ka whakamahia anō ngā rauemi pokepokea ai me te hangarau maimoatanga mata
Ko te kounga me te mahi a ngā rauemi pokepoke he mea nui e pā ana ki te kounga, te roa o te ora me te utu o te pokepoke. I ngā tau tata nei, hei tāpiri atu ki te whakaurunga tonu o ngā momo maitai mate makariri pakari me te ātete ki te kakahu, ngā maitai mate makariri kua tineia te mura, me ngā maitai mate makariri whakarewa paura, he mea tika kia whakamahia ngā rauemi rino maka mō ngā make tānga nui me te rahi waenga ki tāwāhi. E āwangawanga ana mō te ia o te whanaketanga. He pai te pakari me te ātete ki te kakahu o te rino maka pona, he pai hoki tana mahi whakarewa, tana mahi, tana mahi whakapakeke mata, ā, he iti ake te utu i te rino maka koranu, nō reira he nui ake te whakamahinga i roto i ngā make tānga motuka.
8. Ko te whakahaere pūtaiao me te whakamōhiotanga te huarahi whanaketanga o ngā umanga pokepokea ai
Te wā tuku: Mei-11-2021